![]() ![]() ![]() In this state tribe members sacrificed their individuality and assumed a shared collective identity, where they were able to transcend their feelings of fear and pain and were fully dedicated to the group interests. It was suggested by Joseph Jordania that body painting, together with dancing, loud group singing, rhythmic stomping and drumming on external objects, contributed to reaching a specific altered state of consciousness and a battle trance through these ritualized activities. Depending on the occasion, face painting was used as a beautifying practice or could be adapted to be terrifying for hunting and tribal battles. For many ancient tribes and cultures, face and body art has been an integral part of their rituals, festivals and displays of heirarchy. ![]()
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